“Both vascular systems contribute to nourishing of the retina, but there are considerable differences in their fine structure  and oxygen content and in their ability to control blood flow during changes of perfusion pressure, in terms of autoregulation” (Pemp & Schmetterer, Austria, 2008).

“Disease-induced nutritional deficiencies often cannot be addressed by nutrient intakes derived from a whole food-based diet alone” (Stover, USA 2017). 

“Despite of AMD being a disease in the elderly, we also find subjects with early AMD features based on colour fundus images in young adults under the age of 30 years”. (Brandl, 2016, KORA, n= 2840, Augsburg)  

“Elevated serum tHcy and folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies predicted increased risk of incident AMD, which suggests a potential role for vitamin B-12 and folate in reducing AMD risk.” (Gopinath 2013, Aus, n = 1760, BMES)

“In the eye the vascular endothelium plays a key role in the regulation of vascular tone. It regulates the blood flow in the retina, ONH (optical nerve head) and choroid by releasing agents that are responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction and by modifying their release in response to local metabolic needs.” (Resch et al., 2009)

“Potential detrimental effects of high folic acid intake may not be limited to the elderly nor to those with B12 deficiency.“ (Selhub, USA, 2016)

“Furthermore, experimental studies have shown that folic acid can inhibit the transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate across the BBB.” (Stover, USA, 2017)

“The L-5-MTHF supplement group had higher (P = 0.003) RBC folate concentrations and higher (P = 0.023) plasma folate concentrations than the folic acid supplement group.” (Henderson, CA, 2018)